Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to diagnose and treat problems inside the knee joint. This procedure is performed using an arthroscope—a small camera inserted into the knee through a tiny incision. The camera projects images onto a screen, giving the surgeon a clear view of the joint’s interior. Because it requires only small incisions, knee arthroscopy is often preferred over traditional open surgery, leading to shorter recovery times and less postoperative discomfort.
Why Do I Need Knee Arthroscopy?
There are several reasons why your doctor may recommend knee arthroscopy. Typically, it is used when you are experiencing persistent knee pain or functional issues that do not respond to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections. Common conditions treated through knee arthroscopy include:
Torn meniscus: The cartilage that cushions the knee can become torn, causing pain, swelling, and mobility issues.
Damaged cartilage: Cartilage can wear down or become injured over time, leading to joint pain.
Ligament injuries: Such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.
Inflammation or infection: Synovial tissue, which lines the knee joint, may become inflamed or infected.
Loose fragments: Bone or cartilage fragments inside the knee may need to be removed.
Your orthopedic surgeon will evaluate your symptoms, medical history, and imaging results to determine if knee arthroscopy is the best course of action.
How Do I Prepare for Knee Arthroscopy?
Preparing for knee arthroscopy involves several key steps to ensure a smooth procedure and recovery:
Consultation: Before surgery, you’ll meet with your orthopedic surgeon to discuss the specifics of the procedure, the expected outcomes, and any potential risks. Make sure to inform the doctor about any medications or supplements you’re taking.
Pre-surgery tests: You may need to undergo blood tests, X-rays, or an MRI to further evaluate your knee.
Fasting: On the day of surgery, you’ll typically be instructed to avoid eating or drinking for at least 8 hours prior.
Medication adjustments: Your doctor may ask you to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, in the days leading up to the procedure.
Postoperative planning: Since knee arthroscopy is usually performed on an outpatient basis, arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure. It’s also helpful to prepare your home for post-surgical recovery, such as setting up an accessible resting area and organizing items for easy access.
What Happens During a Knee Arthroscopy?
Knee arthroscopy is typically performed under local, regional, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient’s preference. Here’s a step-by-step overview of what happens during the procedure:
Incisions: The surgeon makes small incisions, usually about 1/4 inch, around the knee.
Inserting the arthroscope: The arthroscope is inserted into one of the incisions, providing a detailed view of the knee’s internal structures. Saline solution may be pumped into the joint to improve visibility.
Diagnosis and treatment: Depending on what the surgeon sees, they may diagnose the issue or proceed with treatments such as repairing a torn meniscus, trimming damaged cartilage, or removing inflamed tissue.
Closing the incisions: After the procedure is complete, the incisions are closed with sutures or steri-strips. The knee is then bandaged, and you may be fitted with a brace or compression garment to reduce swelling.
The procedure usually takes about 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity of the treatment.
Risks Associated with a Knee Arthroscopy
Though knee arthroscopy is considered a safe procedure, like any surgery, it carries some risks. Understanding these risks can help you make an informed decision. Potential complications include:
Infection: Though rare, any surgical procedure can lead to infection at the site of the incision.
Blood clots: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can occur, particularly if you’re inactive for a long period after surgery.
Nerve or tissue damage: The instruments used during arthroscopy can potentially damage surrounding nerves, cartilage, or blood vessels.
Stiffness or swelling: Some patients may experience persistent stiffness, swelling, or pain after the procedure, requiring additional physical therapy or treatment.
Reaction to anesthesia: As with any surgery, there’s a small risk of complications related to anesthesia, such as breathing issues or allergic reactions.
While the risks are generally low, it’s important to discuss these possibilities with your surgeon and follow all postoperative instructions carefully to reduce the likelihood of complications.
Conclusion
Knee arthroscopy offers a minimally invasive option for diagnosing and treating a range of knee issues, providing faster recovery times compared to traditional surgery. By understanding the reasons for the procedure, how to prepare, what happens during surgery, and the associated risks, you can be well-prepared for your knee arthroscopy and set yourself up for a smooth recovery. Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your knee health.
